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the oppressed had obtained a power enabling them often to take conspicuous vengeance; and on the Continent much of it continued to the time of the French Revolution, though in England the earlier and better organization of the demo­cratic classes put an end to it sooner, by establish­ing equal laws and free national institutions.

If people are mostly so little aware how com­pletely, during the greater part of the duration of our species, the law of force was the avowed rule of general conduct, any other being only a special and exceptional consequence of peculiar tiesand from how very recent a date it is that the affairs of society in general have been even pretended to be regulated according to any moral law; as little do people remember or consider, how institutions and customs Minch never had any ground but the lau r of force, last on into ages and states of general opinion uhich never would have permitted their first establish­ment. Less than forty years ago, Englishmen might still by law hold human beings in bondage as saleable property : within the present century they might kidnap them and carry them off, and work them literally to death. This absolutely extreme case of the law of force, condemned by those who can tolerate almost every other form of arbitrary power, and M'hich, of all others, pre­sents features the most revolting to the feelings