INTRODUCTORY.

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on others imply proportionate loss. Says Dr. Jarvis,Nor is the loss by early death all that the commonwealth suffers in diminu­tion of productive power in the period pre­sumably devoted to profitable labor. Even while men and women live they are subject to sickness, which lays a heavy tax on their strength and effectiveness. ... It is esti­mated by the English observations and calcu­lations that for every death there are two constantly sick; that is, 730 days sickness and disability for every death. Reckoning on the basis of calculation furnished by the data of the English sick-clubs, it is found that there was in the year 1870, among the people of Massachusetts of the working pro­ductive age, a total amount of twenty-four thousand five hundred and fifty-four years and eight months sickness or disability, equivalent to so much loss of labor to the community. The bases on which the Eng­lish results are made up do not include sick­ness of less than a weeks duration, or any thing less than illness preventing labor:

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