CERAMIC ARTS—GENERAL SURVEY.
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was produced. Porcelain was made near Philadelphia as late as the years 1849 and 1850, but the works were not sustained. The manufacture is now reported at Phoenixville, Pa., and exists at Greenport, N. Y., where table and toilet ware is made.
The industry, especially in the direction of earthenware, and the common cheap pottery, such as Rockingham, yellow- w&re and stoneware, has increased rapidly of late years, under the stimulus afforded by the tariff and the premium on gold. According to the last census there were 777 establishments for the manufacture of stone and earthen ware distributed through the several states, the highest numbers being 170 in Ohio, and 198 in Pennsylvania. Only fifteen are reported in Massachusetts. Eighty-two steam-engines, with an aggregate of 1,586 horse-power, were in use, besides eight water-wheels of 122 horse-power. Hands employed, 6,116; capital invested, $5,29*4,398; amount paid in wages, $2,247,173; materials are valued at $1,702,705 ; value of the products, $6,045,536. The number of persons reporting their occupation as potters is 5,060.
In the State of % Massachusetts alone, the fifteen establishments, with twenty-three horse-power steam and forty horsepower water, employ 160 hands, and produce to the value of $244,493 annually.
The following are the chief points at which the potteries are located:—In New Jersey, at Trenton, Jersey City and Gloucester. In Ohio, at East Liverpool and Cincinnati; New T°i‘k, in the city and at Flushing and Greenpoint, L. I. ; Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and Pittsburg; Illinois, Peoria; Maryland, Baltimore ; Massachusetts, Boston ; and in Missouri, a t St. Louis. In 1872, it was estimated that there were 148
1 • i 7
kilns
in seven States, capable of producing at the rate of
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$80,000 annually per kiln, which would amount to $4,440,000 P er annum, and would use 75,000 tons of coal, and 75,000 tons of clays and other materials.
The industry has taken root firmly in New Jersey, at Tren- * 01 b and bids fair to thrive permanently. That locality offers the advantages of extensive deposits of the finest clays, cheap transportation by water, as well as by rail; and the proximity
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