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EXPOSITION AT VIENNA.
state with accuracy the locality of every invention discussed, it will be assumed that the credit of an invention is due to the country where it is first made practical, rather than to the one where it is designed and patented.
Thus, the band-saw, one of the most useful of modern wood-working tools, Avas patented in England in 1808, in essentially its present form, but its use did not become general until it Avas introduced by the French, forty years later. The band-saw is, therefore, justly credited to the French.
Commencing with English machinery, among the steam-, engines there Avas to be seen a small machine Avith a Corliss bed and ordinary slide-valves. It is known, hoAvever, that the Corliss engine is regularly built in England by at least two leading firms, and has become an accepted type in their steam engineering. In machine tools, Sharp, SteAvart & Co., the rivals of Whitworth, exhibited an iron planer Avith Sellers’ worm-gear and belt-shifting mechanism. The standard Avood- working tools take advantage of our Daniels and Woodworth patents. Among the special machines, the Armstrong dove- tailer and Richards mortiser Avere prominent. The seAving and knitting machines Avere but variations of those made by our well-knoAvn firms. In general machinery and small fittings, quite a list of American inventions were noticeable; Pickering, Huntoon and Porter governors, Ashcroft safety- valves and gauges, Berryman feed waiter heater, Blake stone-crusher, Dudgeon hydraulic jacks and punches, differential pulley blocks, Stephens’ Ause, Peet valves, Cameron special pumps, Cope and Maxwell valveless steam- pumps, Doavs soda Avater apparatus, twist drills, ratchet drills, self-centering chucks, etc. A late English invention exhibited Avas a complete copy of the idea of the Merrill atmospheric hammer, except that the cylinder instead of the piston Avas the moving part.
American iron Avorking machinery has been copied very little in France, Belgium and Switzerland, apparently because they have not yet advanced so far as to perceive the need of our new ideas. There Avere SAviss imitations of tAvist drills and American chucks, but, as far as could be learned, they have not yet affected the exportation of the genuine American