538
EXPOSITION AT VIENNA.
fields the seed was in the same manner covered to the depth of eight to ten inches, and almost utterly destroyed. Finally, the cattle and laborers could be accommodated only with difficulty in the villages and various scattered buildings which I had purchased. In view of all these difficulties the commencement of my agricultural labors was most arduous. It was only after I had prevented inundations by ditches, had improved the soil by canals, and, in part, by drainage, and had added a large quantity of clay to the tracts covered with drift sand, and sand to those containing strong loam, that, in the year 1869-70, after the cultivation of beets had been introduced, I found it possible to reach the profitable yield.
The estate of Kolin, exclusive of the sugar-works, yielded a return, in the year 1869-70, of $41,091; in the year 1870-71, of $42,288; in the year 1871-72, of $33,392; and for the year 1872-73, as estimated, $43,232; for the average of these four years, $40,000. In two years from the present time, at the longest, the yield is expected to be $47,000. This represents, at five per cent, interest, a capital for the average yield of the last four years, of $800,000 ; for the yield of the present year, 1872-73, of $864,640; and on reaching the return $47,000, to be expected in the course of two years, $940,000.
Such very satisfactory results can only be arrived at by large previous outlays for improvements, preparations, manures and labor, which are, of course, continuous, but through them the yield is made also continuous and certain.
The improvements for practical and ornamental purposes had consumed by the end of December, 1872, $323,580. Besides this, at the end of the farm year 1871-72, the stock of cattle, supplies of grain, straw, fodder, malt beer, and other products and material, with the seed already planted, were valued at $91,073 ; the additional tracts purchased cost $49,132; fiually, the sum paid for the estate of Kolin was $217,000; the whole reaches the sum of $680,785, on which the estate is to pay the interest by its yield.
One hundred and twenty-six thousand seven hundred dollars, which have been expended for artificial manure, are